What is good?

It is the knowledge of things! 

What then, is bad?

It is the lack of knowledge of things! 

 

How can we have a happy life?

There is only one good

the cause & support of a happy life & that is : 

Trust in yourself ! 

So what should we be seeking?, Seek about the art which enables us to understand things human, & things divine, what we have to seek, is the spirit that endures & rouses the soul, that molds itself to one’s divinity: rise & mould thyself to kinship with thy Divinity. 

On Siren Songs 

One is beginning to reveal the character of which you gave promise; Follow up the impulse which prompted you to make for all that is best. 

I would not have you greater or better than you planned; only finish all that you have laid out, & take in hand the plans which you have had in mind.  

In short, you will be a wise person, if you stop up your ears; nor is it enough to close them with wax; just as Ulysses, the song which he feared was alluring, but came not from every side; the song however, which you have to fear, echoes round you not from a single headland, but from every quarter of the world.  

Sail, not past one region which you mistrust because of its treacherous delights, but past every city; Be deaf to those who love you most of all; they pray for bad things with good intentions.  

What they wish to have heaped upon you are not really good things; there is only one good, the cause & the support of a happy life, : trust in oneself.  

This cannot be attained, unless one has learnt to despise toil & to reckon it among the things which are neither good nor bad; For it is not possible that a single thing should be bad at one time & good at another, at times light & to be endured, & at times a cause of dread.  

Work is not a good?, Then what is a good?, I say, the scorning of work, That is why I should rebuke people who toil to no purpose.  

Work is the sustenance of noble minds, What need is there of vows?, Make yourself happy through your own efforts; you can do this, if once you comprehend that whatever is blended with virtue is good, & that whatever is joined to vice is bad.  

Just as nothing gleams if it has no light blended with it, & nothing is black unless it contains darkness or draws to itself something of dimness, & as nothing is hot without the aid of fire, & nothing cold without air; so it is the association of virtue & vice that makes things honourable or base.  

What then is good?

The knowledge of things.  

What is evil?

The lack of knowledge of things.  

Your wise person, who is also a artisan, will reject or choose in each case as it suits the occasion; yet one does not fear that which one rejects, nor does one admire that which one chooses, if only you have a stout & unconquerable soul.  

I forbid you to be cast down or depressed; It is not enough if you do not shrink from work; ask for it, “However,” you say, “is not trifling & superfluous work, & work that has been inspired by ignoble causes, a bad sort of work?”  

No; no more than that which is expended upon noble endeavours, since the very quality that endures toil & rouses itself to hard & uphill effort, is of the spirit. 

In order that virtue may be perfect, there should be an even temperament & a scheme of life that is consistent with itself throughout; & this result cannot be attained without knowledge of things, & without the art which enables us to understand things human & things divine.  

That is the greatest good; If you seize this good, you begin to be the associate of the divine, & not their suppliant.  

Your money, however, will not place you on a level with Divinity; for the divine has no property; nor will your reputation, nor a display of self, nor a knowledge of your name wide-spread throughout the world; for no one has knowledge of the divine; many even hold divinity in low esteem, & do not suffer for so doing.  

Neither can beauty or strength make you blessed, for none of these qualities can withstand old age, What we have to seek for, then, is that which does not each day pass more & more under the control of some power which cannot be withstood.  

What is this?, It is the soul, – the soul that is upright, & great, A soul like this may descend into a Roman knight just as well as into a servant.  

For what is a Roman knight, or a servant?, They are mere titles, born of ambition or of wrong; One may leap to heaven from the very slums. 

Only rise & mould thyself to kinship with thy Divinity. 

Farewell, Seneca, StoicTaoist. 

Why do we fear death? 

It is not that we fear death itself, so much as that we fear, the thought of death! 

Hence, it is as foolish to fear death as to fear old age, for death follows old age, precisely as old age follows youth. 

One who does not wish to die, cannot have wished to livve, for Life is granted to us with the reservation, that we shall die, & to this end our path leads.  

Stoicism teaches us that death is inevitable, & that being the case, we must live our life, for the true meaning of life, is that it Ends, so that we may learn to truly Livve Life! 

On Conquering the Conqueror 

I have beheld Bassus, that noble man, shattered in health & wrestling with his years; old age has settled down upon him with great, yes with its entire weight.  

For a long time he has kept it in hand, or, to speak more correctly, has kept it together; of a sudden it has collapsed; Just as in a ship that springs a leak, you can always stop the first or the second fissure, but when many holes begin to open & let in water, the gaping hull cannot be saved. 

Similarly, in an old person’s body, there is a certain limit up to which you can sustain & prop its weakness, – when every joint begins to spread & while one is being repaired another falls apart, – then it is time for a person to look about them & consider how they may get out. 

This is what our friend Bassus is doing; & he contemplates his own end with the courage & countenance which you would regard as undue indifference in a person who so contemplated another’s.  

This is a great accomplishment, Lucilius, & one which needs long practice to learn,

– to depart calmly when the inevitable hour arrives.  

For I must tell you what I myself think: I hold that one is braver at the very moment of death than when one is approaching death, For death, when it stands near us, gives even to inexperienced person the courage not to seek to avoid the inevitable.  

Bassus may be included among these people; & he had no wish to deceive us;

He says that it is as foolish to fear death as to fear old age; for death follows old age precisely as old age follows youth.  

One who does not wish to die cannot have wished to live;

For life is granted to us with the reservation that we shall die; to this end our path leads.  

Death has its fixed rule, – equitable & unavoidable

;

Who can complain when One is governed by terms which include everyone?

,

The chief part of equity, however, is equality.  

In accord with the counsels of Epicurus: “I hope, first of all, that there is no pain at the moment when a person breathes their last; but if there is, one will find an element of comfort in its very shortness.  

For no great pain lasts long; & at all events, a person will find relief at the very time when soul & body are being torn asunder, even though the process be accompanied by excruciating pain, in the thought that after this pain is over, One can feel no more pain.  

Bassus kept saying: “It is due to our own fault that we feel this torture, because we shrink from dying only when we believe that our end is near at hand.”,

Yet who is not near death?

, It is ready for us in all places & at all times.  

“Let us consider,” he went on to say, “when some agency of death seems imminent, how much nearer are other varieties of dying which are not feared by us.”, & if we are willing to examine critically the various causes of our fear,

we shall find that some exist, & others only seem to be.  

For death itself is always the same distance from us; wherefore, if it is to be feared at all, it is to be feared always; For what season of our life is exempt from death?, Do you however always think on death, in order that you may never fear it? 

We do not fear death; we fear the thought of death ! 

Farewell, Seneca, StoicTaoist.