贰贰。野心的抱负,与奖励。

你应该满足于自己的事业,没有理由艰难地争取转向极端地抗争。

当一个人看到危险和风险时,他会撤退,但不会背对敌人,而是逐渐地撤退到一个安全恰当的位置。

人们不愿放弃优势报酬;但喜欢困苦带来的回报,但却在心里诅咒吃苦的艰辛。

人们抱怨追求的目标的野心,就像他们抱怨自己的爱人一样。如果你看透了他们的真实感触,你会发现,那并不是仇恨,而是争论不休。

没有人可以随身携带行李,游上岸。

人们不在乎自己活得有多高尚,只在乎活得有多长久,虽然每个人都能活得崇高高尚,但没有人能永远长生不老。

论中途措施的无效性

这时你明白了,你必须从那些华而不实、堕落的追求中解脱出来;但你仍然希望学习,如何完成实现追求目标。

有些事情只有在场的人才能体会;比如医生不能通过信函规定进食的适当时间;

他必须感受脉搏的波动。

关于角斗士有一句古老的格言,他们在拳击场上谋划盘算;他们聚精会神地注视着,对手的目光中有什么略微的变化,他们手纤细的一些动作,甚至身体的一些轻微弯曲,都会提供先兆警示&告诫。

我们可以制定一般规则,把它写下来,关于通常做什么或应该做什么;这样的建议不仅可以给我们缺席的朋友,也可以留于后代。

然而,关于第二个问题,计划何时或如何执行,没有人会长期&提供建议;

我们必须在实际当前情况面前采取征求方案。

如果你想利用这个稍纵即逝的机会,你不仅要在身体上,而且要在心里保持警惕。

因此,环顾四周寻找机会;如果你看到了它,抓住它,用你所有的精力和力量全身心地投入到这项任务中,摆脱那些职责义务。

现在仔细听我的意见;我的意见是,你要么退出那种生活方式,要么完全退出实有地存在。

我同样坚持认为,你应该走一条平缓的道路,那样你就可以解开而不是剪断,你在打结时弄得一团糟的结,前提是如果没有其他办法解开它,你实际上可以剪断它。

没有人胆小到宁愿永远悬而未决,也不愿一劳永逸。

最重要的是,不要妨碍自己;满足于你自己的宁愿,或者,正如你更喜欢让人们认为的那样,已经跌入的行业。

你没有理由继续奋斗下去;如果你这样做了,你将失去所有借口,人们将看到这不是一次失败。

人们通常给出错误的解释如:“我是被迫这样做的;这违背了我的意愿;但我必须这样做”,但没有人被迫以快速地追求繁荣;它意味着叫停,即使一个人不反抗,而不是在得到财富后迫不及待地施压。

我想,你也在寻找一个斯多葛主义的座右铭,真的没有理由让任何人以学校的鲁莽为由对你诽谤它;事实上,它的谨慎大于它的勇气。

你也许期待着门派说出这样的话:
“在重担下畏缩,与你曾经承担的责任搏斗是卑维的,如果一个人逃避危险,如果他们的精神没有随着任务的艰巨而成长,没有人是勇敢和认真的。”

只要你的毅力有一个值得一试的目标,只要你不必做任何不值得好人做的事,也不必忍受任何不值得好人做的事,这样的话是确实的;此外,一个好人不会把自己浪费在卑鄙和不名誉的工作上,也不会仅仅为了忙碌而忙碌。

正如你所想象的那样,一个人也不会如此卷入雄心勃勃的计划中,以至于不得不不断忍受它们的起伏。

当一个人看到危险和风险时,他会撤退,但不会背对敌人,而是逐渐地撤退到一个安全恰当的位置。

然而,我亲爱的卢西,如果你鄙视生意的回报,就很容易逃避。

我们被这样的想法拖住了,无法逃离:
“那么,我该怎么办呢?我该把这些美好的前景抛在脑后吗?我该在收获的时候离开吗?我身边是不是没有仆人斥候?我的随从和跟班呢?我的接待室里是不是没有人群?”

人们不愿放弃优势报酬;但喜欢困苦带来的回报,但却在心里诅咒吃苦的艰辛。

人们抱怨追求目标的野心,就像他们抱怨自己的爱人一样。如果你看透了他们的真实感触,你会发现,那并不是仇恨,而是争论不休。

寻找那些痛哭流涕人的思想,他们谈论逃避那些他们无法摆脱的东西;你会明白,他们是出于自己的自由意志而挥之不去的,在他们宣称的情况下,他们觉得难以忍受。

是的,我亲爱的卢西;

很少有人坚持奴役,但更多的任人差遣。

整个斯多葛派思想家怎么会不批准你的课程呢?,泽诺、克里西普斯和他们所有的人都会给你温和、体面和合适的建议。

然而,如果你不停地转过身来,环顾四周,看看自己能带多少钱,能带多少钱来充实自己的休闲生活,你就永远找不到出路。

没有人可以随身携带行李,游上岸。

当年轻人、老年人或中年人放松警惕时;你会发现

所有人都同样害怕死亡,同样对生命一无所知。

没有人如期完成任何事物,因为我们一直把所有的事务推迟到未来。“没有人会以与刚出生的婴孩&不同的方式离开这个世界。”

事实并非如此;因为我们死的时候比我们出生的时候更糟;但这是我们的错,而不是大自然的错。

大自然应该责骂我们,说:“这是什么意思?我把你带到这个世界上,没有欲望和恐惧,没有迷信、背叛和其他诅咒;像你进来时一样前进!”

如果一个人能像出生时一样无忧无虑地死去,那么他已经领会了智慧的信息;但事实上,在结局即将到来之际,我们都在颤抖。

我们失去了勇气,面颊苍白;眼泪掉了下来,虽然没有用;然而,还有什么比在祥和的门槛上而烦恼,更卑鄙的呢?

原因是,我们被剥夺了所有的事物,抛弃了我们的生命事务&陷入困境;因为货舱中没有存放任何的实在;一切都被抛到了仓海,漂走了。

人们不在乎自己活得有多高尚,只在乎活得有多长久,虽然每个人都能活得崇高高尚,但没有人能永远长生不老。

再见了。

塞内卡,坚道学。

22. What Ambition & Business of Rewards

Be content with the business into which you have lowered yourself, There is no reason why you should be struggling on to something further.

When One sees the dangers & hazards, One will withdraw, not turning their back to the foe, but falling back little by little to a safe position.

People leave their advantages with reluctance; they love the reward of their hardships, but curse the hardships themselves.

People complain about their ambitions as they complain about their lovers; if you penetrate their real feelings, you will find, not hatred, but bickering.

Nobody can swim ashore & take their baggage with them.

People do not care how nobly they live, but only how long, although it is within the reach of every person to live nobly, but within no One’s power to live long.

On the Futility of Half-Way Measures

You understand by this time that you must withdraw yourself from those showy & depraved pursuits; however you still wish to know how this may be accomplished.

There are certain things which can be pointed out only by someone who is present; The physician cannot prescribe by letter the proper time for eating or bathing;

One must feel the pulse.

There is an old adage about gladiators, that they plan their fight in the ring; as they intently watch, something in the adversary’s glance, some movement of their hand, even some slight bending of their body, gives a warning.

We can formulate general rules & commit them to writing, as to what is usually done, or, ought to be done; such advice may be given, not only to our absent friends, but also to succeeding generations.

In regard however, to that second question, when or how your plan is to be carried out, no one will advise at long range; we must take counsel, in the presence of the actual situation.

You must be not only present in the body, but watchful in mind, if you would avail yourself of the fleeting opportunity.

Accordingly, look about you for the opportunity; if you see it, grasp it, & with all your energy & with all your strength devote yourself to this task, to rid yourself of those business duties.

Now listen carefully to the opinion which I shall offer; it is my opinion that you should withdraw either from that kind of existence, or else from existence altogether.

Hence I likewise maintain that you should take a gentle path, that you may loosen rather than cut the knot which you have bungled so badly in tying, provided that if there shall be no other way of loosening it, you may actually cut it.

Nobody is so faint-hearted, that One would rather hang in suspense for ever, than drop once for all.

Meanwhile, & this is of first importance, do not hamper yourself; be content with the business into which you have lowered yourself, or, as you prefer to have people think, have tumbled.

There is no reason why you should be struggling on to something further; if you do, you will lose all grounds of excuse, & people will see that it was not a tumble.

The usual explanation which people offer is wrong: “I was compelled to do it; or Suppose it was against my will; & I had to do it”, yet nobody is compelled to pursue prosperity at top speed; & it means something to call a halt, even if you do not offer resistance, instead of pressing eagerly after favouring fortune.

Now I suppose, you are looking for a Stoic motto also, There is really no reason why anyone should slander that school to you on the ground of its rashness; as a matter of fact, its caution is greater than its courage.

You are perhaps expecting the sect to utter such words as these:

“It is base to flinch under a burden,

Wrestle with the duties which, you have once undertaken,

Nobody is brave & earnest if One avoids danger, if their spirit does not grow with the very difficulty of their task.”

Words like these will indeed be spoken to you, if only your perseverance shall have an object that is worth while, if only you will not have to do or to suffer anything unworthy of a good person; besides, a good person will not waste themselves upon mean & discreditable work or be busy merely for the sake of being busy.

Neither will One, as you imagine, become so involved in ambitious schemes that you will have continually to endure their ebb & flow.

Nay, when One sees the dangers, uncertainties, & hazards in which One was formerly tossed about,

One will withdraw, not turning their back to the foe, but falling back little by little to a safe position.

From business, however, my dear Lucilius, it is easy to escape, if only you will despise the rewards of business.

We are held back & kept from escaping by thoughts like these: “What then?, Shall I leave behind me these great prospects?, Shall I depart at the very time of harvest?, Shall I have no servants at my side?, No retinue for my litter?, No crowd in my reception-room?”

Hence people leave such advantages as these with reluctance;

they love the reward of their hardships, but curse the hardships themselves.

People complain about their ambitions as they complain about their lovers; in other words, if you penetrate their real feelings, you will find, not hatred, but bickering.

Search the minds of those who cry down what they have desired, who talk about escaping from things which they are unable to do without; you will comprehend that they are lingering of their own free will, in a situation which they declare, they find it hard & wretched to endure.

It is so, my dear Lucilius;

there are few whom servitude holds fast, but there are many more who hold fast to servitude.

How can the whole company of Stoic thinkers fail to approve your course?, Zeno, Chrysippus, & all their kind will give you advice that is temperate, honourable, & suitable.

Yet if you keep turning round & looking about, in order to see how much you may carry away with you, & how much money you may keep to equip yourself for the life of leisure, you will never find a way out.

Nobody can swim ashore, & take their baggage with them.

Take anyone off their guard, young, old, or middle-aged; you will find that

all are equally afraid of death, & equally ignorant of life.

No one has anything finished, because we have kept putting off into the future all our undertakings.

“Nobody, leaves this world in a different manner from one who has just been born.”, That is not true; for we are worse when we die than when we were born; but it is our fault, & not that of Nature.

Nature should scold us, saying: “What does this mean?, I brought you into the world without desires or fears, free from superstition, treachery & the other curses; Go forth as you were when you entered!”

A person has caught the message of wisdom, if One can die as free from care as One was at birth; but as it is, we are all a-flutter at the approach of the dreaded end.

Our courage fails us, our cheeks blanch; our tears fall, though they are unavailing; Yet what is baser than to fret at the very threshold of peace?

The reason however, is that we are stripped of all our goods, we have jettisoned our cargo of life & are in distress; for no part of it has been packed in the hold; it has all been heaved overboard & has drifted away.

People do not care how nobly they live, but only how long, although it is within the reach of every person to live nobly, but within no One’s power to live long.

Farewell

Seneca, StoicTaoist.